Adela de Meaux (c. 934 – c. 982), (conocida como "Adela de Vermandois") fue una noble de Francia. Fue condesa de Chalon y luego condesa de Anjou.
Adela era la hija de Roberto de Vermandois, conde de Meaux y Troyes, y Adelaida de Chalon.1 Adela murió en 982.2
Se casó alrededor del año 970 con Lambert, conde de Chalon († 22 de febrero de 978). Sus hijos fueron:
- Hugo I de Autun, obispo de Auxerre y conde de Chalon. († 1039).3
- Mahaut de Autun, dama de Donzy († bef. 1019).3
- Aelis de Chalon, que se casó hacia el año 991 con Guy I, conde de Macon.3
- Fulco III de Anjou (970-1040), sucedió a su padre como conde de Anjou.
- Godofredo de Anjou (971-977), murió joven.
Robert of Vermandois (c. 907 – c. 967/8) was Count of Meaux, succeeding his father, Herbert II, Count of Vermandois and his wife, Adele (Liégarde) of France.[1]
He was married to Adelais (914–967) of Burgundy, daughter of Giselbert, Duke of Burgundy. They had two children:
- Herbert III, Count of Meaux (c. 935 – 995)
- Adele of Meaux (c. 935 – c. 982)[1
Herbert II (died 23 February 943), Count of Vermandois, Count of Meaux, andCount of Soissons. He was the first to exercise power over the territory that became the province of Champagne.
Herbert was the son of Herbert I of Vermandois.[1] He was apparently well aware of his descent from Charlemagne.[2] Herbert inherited the domain of his father and in 907, added to it the Abbey of St. Medard, Soissons. He took the position of Lay abbot entitling him to the income of those estates.[1] His marriage with a daughter of king Robert I of France brought him the County of Meaux.[3]
Herbert I of Vermandois (c. 848/850 – 907), Count of Vermandois, Count of Meaux, Count of Soissons, and lay abbot of Saint Quentin. He was aCarolingian aristocrat who played a significant role in Francia.
Herbert was the son of Pepin of Vermandois. Herbert became count of Soissons before 889 and was probably charged with defending the Oiseagainst Viking intrusions. A contemporary of Baldwin II, Count of Flanders he had the advantage of being a Carolingian, a great-grandson of Pepin of Italy, a son of Charlemagne.[1] Herbert controlled both St. Quentin and Péronne and his activities in the upper Somme river valley, such as the capture and murder (rather than ransom) of his brother Raoul in 896, may have caused Baldwin II to have him assassinated in 907.[2]
Herbert arranged a marriage alliance to Robert of Neustria by giving in marriage his daughter Beatrice as Robert's second wife.[1] As a part of this pact Herbert also agreed to his son Herbert II of Vermandois marrying Adela, Robert's daughter by his first wife.[1]
He married Bertha de Morvis and their children are:
- Herbert II, Count of Vermandois, succeeded his father.[3]
- Béatrice of Vermandois (c. 880–931), married King Robert I of France.[3]
- Cunegonda of Vermandois († aft. 943) who married Eudo, Count in the Wetterau.[3]
Pepin (French: Pépin; 817 – after 850) was the first count of Vermandois, lord of Senlis, Péronne, and Saint Quentin. He was the son of King Bernard of Italy (a grandson of Charlemagne) and his Queen, Cunigunda of Laon.[1]
Pepin first appears in 834 as a count to the north of the Seine during the reign of his granduncle Louis the Pious, the son and successor to his great-grandfather Charlemagne, aged 17, and then appears again in 840, aged 23. In that year, he supported his 45 year old uncle Lothair I against his aged great uncle, the 62 year old Louis the Pious.
Pepin's wife is unknown; she has been spuriously called "Rothaide de Bobbio". His heir inherited much Nibelungid territory and so historian Karl Ferdinand Werner hypothesized a marriage to a daughter of Theodoric Nibelung. Their children were:
- Bernard (c. 845 – before 893), count of Laon[2]
- Pepin (c. 846 – 893), count of Senlis and lord of Valois (877–893)[2]
- Herbert I, Count of Vermandois (c. 850–907)[3][2][4]
- Cunigunda?
Bernard (797, Vermandois, Picardy – 17 April 818, Milan, Lombardy) was theKing of the Lombards from 810 to 818. He plotted against his uncle, EmperorLouis the Pious, when the latter's Ordinatio Imperii made Bernard a vassal of his cousin Lothair. When his plot was discovered, Louis had him blinded, a procedure which killed him.
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[hide]Life[edit]
Bernard was born in 797, the illegitimate son of King Pepin of Italy, himself the second legitimate son of the EmperorCharlemagne. At that time, Charlemange was the most powerful ruler in Western Europe and ruler of the Carolingian Empire, established during the lifetime of his own grandfather, Bernard's great-great grandfather Charles Martel. However, there is little known about Bernards early childhood.
In 810, Pepin died from an illness contracted at a siege of Venice; although Bernard was illegitimate, his grandfather allowed the 13 year old Bernard to inherit Italy. Bernard married a woman named Cunigunde, but the year of their marriage, and her origins are obscure; spuriously she has been called "of Laon". They had one son, Pepin, Count of Vermandois, who was born in 817, when Bernard was 20.
Prior to 817, Bernard was a trusted agent of his grandfather Charlemange, and after the old kings death in 814 (When Bernard was 17) ,of his uncle Louis the Pious. His rights in Italy were respected, and he was used as an intermediary to manage events in his sphere of influence – for example, when in 815 Louis the Pious received reports that some Roman nobles had conspired to murder Pope Leo III, and that he had responded by butchering the ringleaders, the 18 year old Bernard was sent to investigate the matter.
A change came in 817, when Louis the Pious drew up an Ordinatio Imperii, detailing the future of the Frankish Empire. Under this, the bulk of the Frankish territory went to Louis' eldest son, Lothair; Bernard received no further territory, and although his Kingship of Italy was confirmed, he would be a vassal of Lothair. This was, it was later alleged, the work of the Empress, Ermengarde, who wished Bernard to be displaced in favour of her own sons. Resenting Louis' actions, Bernard began plotting with a group of magnates: Eggideo, Reginhard, and Reginhar, the last being the grandson of a Thuringian rebel against Charlemagne, Hardrad. Anshelm, Bishop of Milan and Theodulf, Bishop of Orléans, were also accused of being involved: there is no evidence either to support or contradict this in the case of Theodulf, whilst the case for Anshelm is murkier.[1][2]
Bernard's main complaint was the notion of his being a vassal of Lothair. In practical terms, his actual position had not been altered at all by the terms of the decree, and he could safely have continued to rule under such a system. Nonetheless, "partly true" reports came to Louis the Pious that his nephew was planning to set up an 'unlawful' – i.e. independent – regime in Italy.[1]
Louis the Pious reacted swiftly to the plot, marching south to Chalon. Bernard and his associates were taken by surprise; Bernard travelled to Chalon in an attempt to negotiate terms, but he and the ringleaders were forced to surrender to him. Louis had them taken to Aix-la-Chapelle, where they were tried and condemned to death. Louis 'mercifully' commuted their sentences to blinding, which would neutralize Bernard as a threat without actually killing him; however, the process of blinding (carried out by means of pressing a red-hot stiletto to the eyeballs) proved so traumatic that Bernard died in agony two days after the procedure was carried out. At the same time, Louis also had his half-brothers Drogo, Hugh and Theoderic tonsured and confined to monasteries, to prevent other Carolingian offshoots challenging the main line. He also treated those guilty or suspected of conspiring with Bernard harshly: Theodulf of Orleans was imprisoned, and died soon afterwards; the lay conspirators were blinded, the clerics deposed and imprisoned; all lost lands and honours.[1][2][3]
Pepin or Pippin (or Pepin Carloman, Pepinno, April 773 – 8 July 810), bornCarloman, was the son of Charlemagne and King of the Lombards (781–810) under the authority of his father.
Pepin was the second son of Charlemagne by his then-wife Hildegard.[1] He was born Carloman, but was rechristened with the royal name Pepin (also the name of his older half-brother Pepin the Hunchback, and his grandfatherPepin the Short) when he was a young child. He was made "king of Italy"[2]after his father's conquest of the Lombards, in 781, and crowned by Pope Hadrian I with the Iron Crown of Lombardy.
He was active as ruler of Lombardy and worked to expand the Frankish empire. In 791, he marched a Lombard army into the Drava valley and ravaged Pannonia, while his father marched along the Danube into Avarterritory. Charlemagne left the campaigning to deal with a Saxon revolt in 792. Pepin and Duke Eric of Friuli continued, however, to assault the Avars' ring-shaped strongholds. The great Ring of the Avars, their capital fortress, was taken twice. The booty was sent to Charlemagne in Aachen and redistributed to all his followers and even to foreign rulers, including King Offa of Mercia. A celebratory poem, De Pippini regis Victoria Avarica, was composed after Pepin forced the Avar khagan to submit in 796.[3] This poem was composed at Verona, Pepin's capital after 799 and the centre of Carolingian Renaissance literature in Italy. The Versus de Verona (c. 800), an urban encomium of the city, likewise praises king Pepin.[4] The "Codex Gothanus" History of the Lombards hails Pepin's campaign against Benevento and his liberation of Corsica "from the oppression of the Moors."[5]
His activities included a long, but unsuccessful siege of Venice in 810. The siege lasted six months and Pepin's army was ravaged by the diseases of the local swamps and was forced to withdraw. A few months later Pepin died, on July 8, 810.[6]
He had one or more mistresses, whose names are not known for certain, and whose ancestry is not given from any reliable source although one has been conjectured to have been called Bertha, and she is believed to be the daughter of William of Gellone, count of Toulouse. Pepin had one son and five daughters (they were: Adelaide, married Lambert I of Nantes; Atala; Gundrada; Bertha; and Tetrada), all of whom but the eldest were born between 800 and Pepin's death. All except Adelaide and Tetrada died before their grandfather's death in 814. Tetrada married Adelaide's stepson, Lambert II of Nantes. Pepin's son was Bernard. Pepin was expected to inherit a third of his father's empire, but he predeceased him. The Lombard crown passed on to his illegitimate son Bernard, but the empire went to Pepin's younger brother, Louis the Pious.
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